6:13 pop ZANIMIVO

Podvodni svet: Dolgonosi morski konjički tudi v slovenskem morju

Glava podobna konju in valilna vrečka kot pri kenguruju sta značilni za dolgonosega morskega konjička, ki ga lahko vidimo tudi v slovenskem morju, zlasti v zavarovanem morskem delu Krajinskega parka Strunjan.

Dolgonosi morski konjiček (Hippocampus guttulatus) je riba z dobro razvitim in gibljivim vratom ter značilno pokončno obliko telesa, ki je pokrito s kožo.

Kot vse ribe, dihajo s škrgami, repno plavut nadomešča zavit rep, ki jim je v pomoč za oprijemanje morskega rastlinja ali koral. Prav oprijeti na rastlinju čakajo, da mimo njih priplava hrana. Pri lovu jim je v pomoč dolg rilec, ki ga uporabljajo kot slamico, da posrkajo majhne ribe in rakce.

Hrano zaužijejo celo, saj nimajo zob, pa tudi želodca ne, kar pomeni, da se morajo pogosto hraniti. Pri opazovanju hrane jim pomagajo oči, ki se obračajo podobno kot pri kameleonu, hkrati pa jih dober vid varuje tudi pred plenilci.

Menjava vlog spolov

Samčki in samičke so si zelo podobni, edina razlika je pri samcu valilna vrečka na trebuhu, kamor samica izleže tudi do 2500 iker, ki jih samec v vrečki oplodi. Zarodki imajo v valilni vrečki kisik in hranila za razvoj.

Mladi morski konjički se izležejo po 45 dneh, ko se samec začne krčiti in stresati mladičke v velikosti fižola iz vrečke. Sam porod lahko traja tudi več dni. Mladi morski konjički so povezani z repi in plavajo v manjših skupinah. Takoj si morajo začeti sami iskati hrano in se skrivati pred plenilci, preživi jih manj kot odstotek.

Znanstveniki domnevajo, da je menjava vlog spolov pri vzgoji zaroda povezana s skrajševanjem časa med dvema zarodoma. Med tem, ko samec nosi en zarod, lahko samica pripravlja že drugega.

Morski konjički živijo na majhnem območju, ogroža jih človek

Živijo samotarsko življenje na majhnem območju – do polovice kvadratnega metra, veljajo za počasne plavalce. Pred plenilci jih ščiti zlitje tako po obliki kot barvi z okoljem, v katerem živijo. Dolgonosi morski konjiček kot tudi kratkonosi morski konjiček sta ogroženi vrsti predvsem zaradi prodaje posušenih osebkov kot turističnih spominkov in uničevanja njihovega naravnega okolja.

Vir: Park Strunjan, Pil

Poglejte tudi ostale živali slovenskega morja v poletni rubriki Podvodni svet.

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