10:02 dop ZANIMIVO

Avstralija spet gori: koliko živali bo utrpelo letos?

Medtem ko je južna Avstralija doživela mokro zimo in razmočeno pomlad, je bilo na severu pravo nasprotje. Ekstremno vroče vreme oktobra in novembra je povzročilo požare na 120.000 kvadratnih kilometrih južnih območij savane.

Požari še naprej gorijo na zahodu in severu države. Samo gozdni požar ob reki Margaret na zahodu, ki je bil podtaknjen, je v minulih dneh uničil 8000 ha edinstvenega gozda in infrastrukturo okoli priljubljenih jam. Nedavno deževje v osrednjih puščavah je zmanjšalo trenutno tveganje za požare, je pa znatno povečalo možnost za velike požare poleti.

Spomnimo: tako je bilo lani: 113 vrst živali zaradi požarov vse bliže izumrtju.

Avstralcev požari ne zanimajo

»Obseg požarov, ki trenutno gorijo po Avstraliji, nas preseneča, skoraj tako kot pomanjkanje zanimanja zanje,« pravi Rohan Fisher, profesionalni opazovalec požarov v Avstraliji. Večina Avstralcev, kljub nedavnim požarom blizu velikih mest slabo razume požarno ekologijo te celine. »Zaradi podnebnih sprememb, je dobro poznavanje požarov ključnega pomena,« še doda Fisher.

V puščavi sta ogenj in voda povezana

Požari v sušni Avstraliji so obsežni, večinoma neobvladljivi in pogosto uničujoči. V puščavi ogenj gori tam, kjer teče voda, saj je tam “gorivo” – v obliki rastlinja. Na širjenje požara vpliva tudi pojavnost prejšnjega požara. Brez redne uporabe ognja se lahko v puščavi kopiči”gorivo”, ki samo čaka na vžig.

Staroselci so znali obvladovati požare

Že več tisoč let so avstralski staroselci upravljali državo na način, da so požigali pokrajine. Večina takšnih požarov je razmeroma nizke intenzivnosti in pogorele površine niso velike, saj je rastlinstvo sestavljeno iz različnih vrst in starosti, kar zmanjša možnost velikih požarov.

Trenutno živimo v globalni požarni dobi, imenovani Pirocen. Po mnenju Fisherja bo to prineslo izzive po vsej avstralski celini, saj ekstremne vremenske razmere še dodatno pripomorejo k hujšim gozdnim požarom. Dobro obvladovanje požarov je nujno potrebno. V severnih tropskih savanah upravljanje požarov, ki ga vodijo domorodci, v krajinskem obsegu že daje nekatere najboljše rezultate obvladovanja požarov na svetu.

 

Vir: Science Alert, 9news.com.au

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