6:55 pop ZANIMIVO

Svet ptic: Črna žolna z rdečo kapico in popolnoma črnim perjem

Naša največja vrsta žolne – črna žolna – je ena od ključnih vrst pri ohranjanju ravnovesja gozdnih škodljivcev, prepoznamo jo po izrazitih barvah in trkanju s kljunom po deblih dreves.

Črna žolna (Dryocopus martius) v dolžino meri do 55 cm in tehta do 400 g, njen razpon kril je do 73 cm. Na glavi ima rdečo kapico, ki pri samcu sega od čela do konca temena, pri samici pa le na zadnjem delu temena.

Z močnim belim kljunom s trkanjem označuje svoj teritorij, si izdela duplo ter išče hrano v lesu. Najraje si privošči lesne mravlje in ličinke hroščev, zato je tudi ena od ključnih vrst pri ohranjanju naravnega ravnovesja gozdnih škodljivcev. Običajno ima par črne štorklje teritorij, ki obsega nekaj hektarjev listnatega ali iglastega gozda, pojavljajo pa se tudi v bližini naselji in odprti krajini.

Samec vali več kot samica

Duplo si uredi samica sama v starih drevesih, kjer znese v povprečju 4 do 5 bleščeče belih jajc, ki jih valita oba, a več vali samec kot samica. Oba starša skrbita za mladiče, ki poletijo nekje po 3. do 4. tednih. Že mladiči se glede na spol med seboj ločijo po obarvanosti kapice na glavi. Par ima letno en zarod.

Črna žolna je pri nas pogosta vrsta, ki se oglaša na več načinov

Med vsemi vrstami žoln ima črna žolna najbogatejši repertoar oglašanj. Najpogostejši klic je glasen “kliii-eeh”. Med letom se oglaša precej mehkeje “pürrr-pürrr-pürrr-pürrr” oz. “krrück-krrück-krrück-krrück”, kar je pogosto opozorilni klic. Ima tudi zelo glasno, ritmično in hitro bobnanje po lesu, ki ga lahko slišimo tudi do 4 km. Pri nas je črna žolna pogosta vrsta stalnica.

Vir: Krajinski park Goričko, Urbanatura

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